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SAN FRANCISCO Nike Air Vapormax Homme Pas Cher , Sept. 16 (Xinhua) -- New research suggests fox squirrels organize their stashes of nuts by variety, quality and possibly even preference, by using "chunking," a cognitive strategy in which humans and other animals organize spatial, linguistic, numeric or other information into smaller more manageable collections.
Detailed in a paper published this week in the Royal Society Open Science journal, researchers at the University of California Nike Air Vapormax Femme Pas Cher , Berkeley, noted that fox squirrels stockpile at least 3,000 to 10,000 nuts a year and, under certain conditions, separate each cache into quasi "subfolders" similar to those in a computer storage system, one for each type of nut.
The study used combinations of locations and nut sequences on various groups of fox squirrels.
In one experiment Nike Air Vapormax Utility Pas Cher , each of the squirrels were fed 16 nuts, one after another, under two separate conditions: Some were fed at the locale where they had cached the previous nut fed to them while others were fed at one central location, to which they would need to return if they wanted another nut.
Some squirrels were given 16 nuts in rows of four, say, almonds followed by pecans, followed by hazelnuts and then walnuts Nike Air Vapormax Flyknit Pas Cher , while others received 16 nuts in random order.
Using hand-held Global Positioning System, or GPS, navigators, the researchers tracked the squirrels from their starting location to their caching location, then mapped the distribution of nut types and caching locations to detect patterns.
The research team found that the squirrels who foraged at a single location frequently organized their caches by nut species, returning to, say Nike Air Vapormax Plus Pas Cher , the almond area, if that was the type of nut they were gathering, and keeping each category of nut that they buried separate.
Meanwhile, the squirrels foraging in multiple locations deliberately avoided caching in areas where they had already buried nuts, rather than organizing nuts by type.
The findings over a two-year period from 45 male and female fox squirrels in wooded locations on the UC Berkeley campus suggest that when lacking the cognitive anchor of a central food source, the reddish gray, bushy-tailed rodents utilize a different and perhaps simpler problem-solving approach to avoid the areas where they had previously cached.
Presumably Nike Air Vapormax 2019 Pas Cher , according to the authors, sophisticated caching techniques maximize the squirrels' ability to remember where they've stored their most prized treats while at the same time hiding them from potential pilferers.
"This is the first demonstration of chunking in a scatter-hoarding animal, and also suggests that squirrels use flexible strategies to store food depending on how they acquire food," study lead author Mikel Delgado, a post-doctoral researcher who conducted the study along with UC Berkeley psychology professor Lucia Jacobs, said in a news release.
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If you've just bought a house Nike Air Vapormax Pas Cher , you may be able to relate to a fascinating essay in Maya Angelou's book, Even the Stars Look Lonesome.
When Ms. Angelou moved into a designer house in California, she says, nothing worked. Her pictures didn't look right on the walls. Cakes fell in the oven and curtains fell off the rods.
The house, she concluded, hated her. And it wasn't much consolation to realize the house hated her husband, too.
What I want to know is Air Vapormax 2019 Soldes , how could she tell?
Let's face it, most houses hate their new owners. They have adapted to the rhythm of one family and resent being sold.
Like most cats that you rescue from the pound, your house probably believes, "If I'd waited awhile, a better owner would have come along. So I'm going to make this one's life miserable."
When you move
Those who are trained in modern research methods will be skeptical, but there's plenty of evidence. Everyone knows what happens when you move into a new house.
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For two years, the refrigerator purred and the air conditioner hummed contentedly. The plumbing flowed silently and the insect life remained hidden. Encouraged ("see, a house isn't so bad after all!") they took the plunge and bought their own home.
I'd like to say they're doing great but in fact they've dropped out of sight. They can't take phone calls any more. "Sorry, we can't tie up this line. We're holding the phone open till we hear from the handyman..." Or the pest control guy, or the electrician. They considered Call Waiting but were afraid to jinx the only object in the house that seemed to be working.
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